The Riddle of Alchemy, by Paul Kiritsis, PsyD, MScMed
Mantra Books, 1803416378, 288 pages, January 2025
Alchemy has long fascinated seekers of both spiritual and scientific wisdom, straddling the boundaries between mysticism and material transformation. In The Riddle of Alchemy, Paul Kiritsis, PsyD, MScMed, embarks on an ambitious exploration of this ancient tradition, weaving together history, philosophy, psychology, and science to reveal its enduring relevance.
The book is structured into three parts, each offering a different lens through which to view the alchemical tradition.
The Origins and Evolution of Alchemy
“Part I: Histories” delves into alchemy’s historical roots, tracing its evolution from antiquity through the Renaissance, and into the 20th century. Kiritsis explores how the metaphysics of Pythagoras and the Platonists blended with Aristotelian theories of the four basic elements, merging with Alexandrian metallurgy, astrology, and the mythic narratives of Gnosticism. His ability to weave these disparate influences together into a cohesive intellectual tapestry is one of the book’s greatest strengths, illuminating connections that might otherwise be overlooked.
As the narrative progresses, Kiritsis examines alchemy’s Renaissance resurgence, focusing on the prominence of the Emerald Tablet and the mythic figure of Hermes Trismegistus. He then follows its transformation after the Reformation and Enlightenment, showing how figures like Jacob Boehme helped shift alchemy toward a discipline incorporating psychic effort and intention. Finally, the book examines Carl Jung’s psychological approach to alchemy, analyzing the creative role the imagination plays in the alchemical process. One of the most compelling aspects of this discussion is how Kiritsis situates Jung within a broader lineage of alchemical thinkers, allowing readers to see both the insights Jung distilled – perhaps without due credit to earlier thinkers, such as Herbert Silberer – and where his ideas diverged from prior traditions.
Alchemy of the Psyche: Analyzing the Splendor Solis
Rather than offering a broad theoretical discourse on psychology and spiritual development, “Part II: Processes of the Mind” takes a unique approach by focusing on four plates from the Splendor Solis, a richly illustrated 16th-century alchemical manuscript. Kiritsis meticulously analyzes these striking images—including the Black Sun and Women’s Work—unpacking their symbolism from alchemical, psychological, and spiritual perspectives. His examination of Women’s Work is particularly fascinating, weaving together insights that demonstrate alchemy’s deeply introspective nature and the dynamics of collective action toward a common purpose.
The book provides quality black-and-white reproductions of these plates, which are helpful for following along with the analysis. However, I would recommend readers look up a full-color version of the Splendor Solis to fully appreciate the vibrancy and detail of these images while reading these chapters.
Highlighted here is Kiritsis’ application of Ken Wilber’s Integral Theory of psycho-spiritual development as another framework to integrate the varied elements of the alchemical tradition. This adds another layer of depth to the text, especially in discussing the processes of the mind in Part II. I appreciated the insight he draws out of the Child’s Play plate, arguing that the depictions of the children’s relationships and activities demonstrate Wilber’s ideas of body ego, membership-self, and mental ego, “states [which] are a fundamental key to the transformation of human consciousness, and the modus operandi… is inquisitive play and make-believe” (p.101).
Alchemy in the Modern World
“Part III: The Noetic Science” transitions into a discussion of alchemy’s plausibility and its potential intersections with modern science. Kiritsis critically assesses whether alchemical transmutation of metals is possible, while also exploring how alchemical principles might relate to quantum physics and psychological transformation. The author presents compelling examples of how the dominant reductionist-materialist paradigm in modern science is now showing its limitations, such as the unresolved paradoxes of mind-body dualism and the neglect of the observer’s influence and intention in scientific endeavors. Yet, the pervasive influence of these paradigms sometimes seems to shape Kiritsis’ own analyses as well.
I also appreciated that Kiritsis includes three Appendices in the book to help set up the reader with some theoretical background. I recommend reviewing these particularly before engaging in the metallurgical transformation sections in Parts I – III of the text. Appendix topics include: the adopted Aristotelian theory of the Four Elements; the correspondences between the Seven Planets and Metals; and the Three Alchemical Principles: alchemical sulphur, mercury, and salt. Even as someone already familiar with much of this background knowledge, I found these sections to be a great refresher, and helps the reader get a better feel for the author’s perspective.
Final Thoughts
The Riddle of Alchemy is a compelling and scholarly examination of alchemy’s evolution, symbolism, and psychological significance. Kiritsis’ interdisciplinary approach makes this a thought-provoking read for those interested in the deeper mysteries of transformation. However, the book leans toward the academic side, with an esoteric-poetic flare that occasionally borders on wordiness, requiring careful reading in certain sections.
One notable aspect is the strong feminist narrative running through the text. Kiritsis highlights the central role of Pistis-Sophia (“Faith-Wisdom”), the goddess of Gnostic mythology, asserting that alchemy is fundamentally a feminine discipline. This perspective challenges the dominance of the masculine principle in Western science and culture.
“We, the mortal children of Pistis-Sophia… have been tasked with this sacred duty… [F]or a modern myth to nurture and actualize human potential it must retain an unconditional positive regard for the aesthetically feminine… and remain diametrically opposed to judgement, separation, and hierarchy.”1
However, one must be careful to note the potential for performative contradiction in remaining “diametrically opposed,” which itself makes use of judgement for conceptual separation and the creation of a value hierarchy.
While some sections can be dense and or repetitive at times, and the language occasionally complex (e.g. discussions of metallurgical transmutation) this book offers immense rewards for those willing to engage deeply with its content. For more advanced readers familiar with metaphysical and scientific concepts, The Riddle of Alchemy provides an integrated and illuminating perspective on a tradition often perceived as fragmented and enigmatic.
Ultimately, The Riddle of Alchemy gave me a much more integrated grasp of alchemy, uniting the metaphysical, psychological, and material aspects into a coherent narrative. Kiritsis’ exploration of alchemy as an evolved and/or concealed form of Gnostic thought was particularly enlightening, making this book a standout contribution to the field.
Zak has two master’s degrees in philosophy, from Brandeis University and University of California Santa Barbara. He is currently the lead editor for Dungeons in a Box, and he spends much of his time in the realm of fantasy crafting new plots and ensuring the adventure is in mechanical balance. When he’s not DMing, he also enjoys hiking, studying eastern philosophy, and playing board games.