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Living Conjure, by Mama Starr Casas

Living Conjure: The Practice of Southern Folk Magic, by Starr Casas
Weiser Books, 1578638240, 208 pages, August 2024

Living Conjure: The Practice of Southern Folk Magic by Mama Starr Casas, a Conjure woman with over forty years of experience, is a comprehensive guide to traditional Southern Conjure that’s accessible to all skill levels, from beginner to seasoned practitioner. A native Kentuckian, Mama Starr’s voice is like a warm hearth fire crackling with wisdom and laced with the sweet smoke of magic. Her writing style emulates the way she was taught: through word of mouth, from her elders. This enchanting prose, delivered with the down-to-earth charm of a beloved granny, immerses readers in a legacy of time-honored Southern secrets. It’s clear that Mama Starr poured her heart and soul into preserving and sharing this invaluable knowledge.

“Don’t forget your roots,”1 Appalachian Conjure man Jake Richards says in the foreword, and those words lingered with me like the whisper of a ghost. I’ve tried running from the South, where I was born, and I’ve rejected the Christian faith in which I was raised. When I lived in New York, some people projected negative Southern stereotypes onto me and wrongly assumed that I voted in a certain way, so I came to realize that I couldn’t run from the South. Wherever I go, she follows me, a phantom belle perfumed with magnolias, and when fate forced me to come back, she reclaimed me. Trying to escape my roots just buried them deep in my shadow. Studying Conjure and incorporating some elements of Southern folk magic into my personal practice has been a therapeutic way for me to reconcile with my roots by digging them up and putting them to good use.

Mama Starr honors the tradition of her elders by teaching Conjure through the lens of children’s folktales, like “Brer Rabbit and the Tar Baby,”2 and the rhythms of old spirituals. These weathered yarns weave a rich tapestry of magic. “The ancestors of this work learned to hide the work in plain sight—that is why this work is called tricks,”3 she explains. This emphasis on subtlety and clever disguise is a core principle of Conjure.

“Conjure, Hoodoo, and Rootwork are all the same thing,” Mama Starr explains. “When I was growing up, I never heard Hoodoo being used as the name for this work. Hoodoo was a question: “Hoodoo you?” Meaning, “Who put roots on you?”4

These terms have evolved over time and their usage can vary depending on the region and the practitioner. However, they all refer to the same tradition of folk magic that has been passed down through generations in the Southern United States.

“Sometimes folks get upset with me because I share so much,” Mama Starr says. “I share it because if I don’t, when I’m gone what’s in my head is going to be gone.”5 She hopes to keep the work alive and honor the memory of the ancestors through her writing.

One chapter explores the use of “The Arms of the Cross”6 in Conjure, associating each arm with a cardinal direction and element. Mama Starr counsels caution when doing this type of work, because one could accidently nail themselves down with a crossed condition if performed incorrectly. In the sample workings she provides, a candle or a petition is placed on one of the cross arms.

“I’m what folks call a two-headed worker, which means that I will do what folks call ‘light’ or ‘dark’ work just as long as the work is justified,”7 Mama Starr says. She emphasizes the importance of performing divination before a working to ensure it is warranted and to take responsibility for your actions. 

Most of the workings are very simple and require few tools. Mama Starr teaches how to work Conjure with objects most people already have lying around the house, such as scissors, keys, bottles, and jars. The use of blue bottles in Conjure held the most fascination for me because I’ve always loved decorating with cobalt blue glass bottles and I used to keep them in my kitchen window. It turns out they can be magically charged to keep ghosts away.

“Haunts can’t cross over water,” Mama Starr says, “and it is believed they don’t know the difference between the blue in the paint or bottles and the blue of the water, so they stay away from the homes that have the ceiling of the porch painted blue or have blue bottles hanging in the trees.”8

Before reading this book, I had no idea that blue bottles were used in Southern folk magic to ward off spirits, so I must have had an intuitive instinct to decorate my window with them. 

Mama Starr teaches how to honor one’s personal ancestors by tending graves, creating an ancestor altar, and making offerings. However, ancestors need not be limited to blood kin. She also emphasizes the importance of honoring the ancestors of Conjure, “the folks who were brought over here during the time of slavery.”9 “Conjure was born out of slavery, from folks trying to survive during a time when white folks felt they had the right to own another person like they were cattle,”10 Mama Starr says. She admires their courage, wisdom, and cunning intelligence in the face of oppression and hardship.

The shadow of slavery looms large over the South, and it was one of the reasons why I tried to escape my Southern roots. Instead of being ashamed of being a white Southerner and trying to push the horrors of slavery out of my mind, Living Conjure has shifted my perspective to thinking about how I can honor the ancestors of Conjure in my personal practice. Mama Starr writes about them and keeps them in her prayers.

Mama Starr talks about the magical properties of animal curios, such as bird feet and alligator paws, and explains that the use of animal parts in magic can be discerned by observing the animal’s natural behavior. I have a flock of egg-laying hens, so her insights into using eggs and chicken feet in Conjure were especially significant for me. She points out that chickens are resourceful and scratch around in the dirt all day looking for food, so their claws can symbolically rake in money. Their feet are also protective because their claws are sharp enough to draw blood. She gives detailed instructions for multiple workings with the feet, as well as how to perform an egg cleansing.

The chapter on “Dirts and Powders” was also very insightful. Mama Starr points out that the virtues of various dirts can be like a double-edged sword. For example, bank dirt can bring prosperity, but one should keep in mind that banks also repossess property, and so the energy of loss and poverty may be mingling in that dirt. I recently started working with bank dirt this year, and this passage enriched my understanding of how to use it.

Mama Starr’s website claims that “she has tried to keep the work as pure as possible,”11 and for her, that means you can’t take the Bible out of Conjure. If you do, it’s not Conjure. However, in this book, she adopts a more lenient approach, teaching the role the Bible plays in Conjure and leaving it up to readers to decide whether or not they want to use it.

I’ve had a complicated relationship with the Bible. Being raised in a conservative Christian household, I had a little pink Bible that I used to read in bed as a child. When my mother disciplined me, one of her favorite punishments was for me to hand copy Proverbs three times each. As an adolescent, I lost faith, read more critically, and became jaded with the misogyny I found in the scriptures. I’m against burning books, so I’ve done my best to make peace with the Bible. College taught me to read it as a work of literature, and Living Conjure is helping me reconnect with it as a powerful grimoire, rather than a source of judgment and condemnation.

“Since the ancestors were forced to become Christian, they put the Bible to good use,”12 Mama Starr says. This passage spoke to my soul because my mother put the fear of God into me when I was a small child, and like it or not, that indoctrination is a major theme in the first chapter of my origin story, and a part of who I am. If you try to take the Bible out of Conjure, Mama Starr says it’s like throwing the baby out with the bathwater, and “you are weakening the foundation that the ancestors built through their blood, sweat, and tears.”13

Mama Starr emphasizes that Conjure is a magical practice, not a religion. The Bible is a religious text, but it is also a spellbook. It can be used for divination in a practice called bibliomancy, and Mama Starr teaches how to receive messages from Spirit using this method. While many Christians believe that divination is a sin, Mama Starr cites biblical passages to the contrary, which describe divinatory practices and claim that the gift of prophecy comes from God. “Men of the churches have tried to remove God’s gift out of the churches, but you can’t take away what God has given,”14 Mama Starr says.

About five years ago, I had a dream that I was in an underground chapel with my mom, and a big black goat of the Witches’ Sabbath was standing on its hind legs in front of her, holding the Bible open like a living lectern. She was so spellbound by the Word that she didn’t even realize the Devil was the one holding the book. I woke up from that dream thinking of the Bible as the Devil’s Black Book, and from then on I recognized it as a powerful tool for witchcraft. Living Conjure has given me deeper insight into putting it to good use. 

I may not like some of my roots, but I’ve chosen to own them. After all, if you want to find your power, it’s in your shadow. It’s in those potent roots you keep buried deep, the ones that don’t ever want to see the light of day. If Southern folk magic is part of your heritage, then Living Conjure is a valuable guide that can help you reclaim your roots and tap into that subterranean current of power.

Conjuring Dirt, by Taren S

Conjuring Dirt: Magick of Footprints, Crossroads & Graveyards, by Taren S
Moon Books, 1803413328, 176 pages, October 2023

I love dirt. My father is a ceramic artist, so unlike other kids whose parents might have tried to keep them tidy, I was always encouraged to play in the mud and eventually learn how to shape clay into bowls and mugs. From there, my enjoyment of dirt, and nature in general, led me down a path of environmental science; I’ve studied the microbes in dirt and learned how soil’s nutrients are vital for the growth of plants, which keep us alive through a balanced ecosystem.

But beyond the mind-blowing scientific study of interconnectedness through the ground beneath our feet, I’d never realized the potency of dirt from a magical perspective prior to reading Conjuring Dirt: Magick of Footprints, Crossroads & Graveyards by Taren S. This book has opened a whole new realm of magic to me, which I’ve been eager to embrace!

Taren is a seasoned magical practitioner with roots in the Carolinas, though she now lives in California. For over a decade she’s worked as a spiritual counselor and tarot card reader at a Haitian Voodoo Doctor’s botanica. She is initiated as a High Priestess within American Witchcraft and as a Mama Bridget within American Voodoo/Hoodoo. In Conjuring Dirt, she shares a lot about her personal path, giving readers perspective into how she’s learned this craft as well as the traditions behind the content of the book.

“We all have sacred and special dirt specifically to us. When we go back through memories we can ground into the land, and we can build new memories through the land. This in itself is a magical spiritual journey.”1

In this book, Taren teaches readers about three categories of dirt: Graveyard, Crossroads, and Purposeful (Footprint). She dedicates lengthy chapters to each one, giving the reader a full sense of the powerful energy held within the dirt and the many ways each one can be utilized in magickal workings.

She starts with Purposeful Dirt, noting that it’s the “most common and easily accessible”2 kind. Since it’s very versatile, Taren describes ways this dirt can be used for cleansing, banishing, and spellwork. She teaches about the types of spirit of place, such as Ancestral spirits and Land spirits, and how to connect and work with these spirits. Then she covers “spirit of the root” and how to unite with plants as allies. The list of plants and herbs and the way they can be used, which spans a whole ten pages, is immensely valuable to all practitioners, especially those new to working with plants and herbs.

Reading over parts of this section made me think of the land in a new way; did you know you can use the dirt from banks, casinos, and libraries for magickal purposes such as prosperity spells, amulets, and building knowledge?! Prior to this, I wouldn’t have thought twice about the dirt or spirit of these places. Now everywhere I go, I’m thinking about the energy of my surroundings, taking time to pause and attune to the spirit of the place, and think creatively about how the dirt might be utilized.

Crossroads Dirt comes from the liminal spaces where “two different environments meet or intersect but is technically neither extreme.”3 At these intersections, boundaries are thinner; it can feel like stepping out of time as multiple directions become available, prompting initiated action before the moment passes by.

“The meaning of crossroads is all about liminal space. Liminal space is that in-between point that means both we are neither here, nor there. Liminal space as represented by crossroads points to 100% potential and opportunity. It is the place where magick happens because it is that slight crack when/where anything can happen.”4

In this section, Taren provides an overview of the global lore about crossroads, revealing similarities between cultures while also highlighting each one’s unique lore. She also covers crossroads and witches, crossroads in dreams and modern magic, the significance of ley lines, and offers a crossroads tarot spread.

After sharing about crossroad magic in general, Taren goes more in-depth about Crossroad Dirt specifically. She teaches readers about the different types of crossroads one might gather dirt from and the significance of soil from each one. She covers how best to collect the dirt, petition the crossroads, and offers a ritual to open the crossroads. Other workings Taren provides are for propensity, a spell to forget, and banishing.

Last but not least, the section on Graveyard Dirt. Taren explains Graveyard Dirt “is used to employ the spirit of the one buried for your intentions.”5 Taren covers so much in this section, from symbols on grave markers to gathering dirt from the roots of cemetery trees, and it completely opens new doors for readers. This section alone could be a whole book! But one emphasis that comes through strongly is showing respect for the deceased. I like how Taren always reminds readers to mind their manners above all else!

While reading the section on Graveyard Dirt, I’ve decided it’s high time I go visit my ancestor’s graves and leave an offering. I don’t plan on taking any dirt this time, but I would like to begin cultivating a relationship with them, learning more about who they were in life and how I can maintain a relationship with them in their afterlife. To start, my dad and I decided we are going to begin purchasing grave markers for the family member’s burial sites he’s found that do not have them.

All in all, Conjuring Dirt is a wonderful resource for all spiritual practitioners. I would go as far to say it’s been my favorite magical book I’ve read in 2023! Taren does such a wonderful job sharing all she knows to help readers begin to incorporate dirt in their workings. Her style of talking straight makes readers feel she really has their best interest at heart, ensuring they’re doing things the right way and not making trouble for themselves down the line. This book is sure to reshape your perception of the land beneath your feet and give a deeper appreciation for the magic held within the dirt we often take for granted or overlook.