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The Five-Minute Druid, by Sarah-Beth Watkins

The Five-Minute Druid: Connection Made Easy, by Sarah-Beth Watkins
Collective Ink, 1803413808, 96 pages, February 2024

Ever since the birth of my son, it has been a struggle to revamp my magical practice. Whereas I used to have what felt like all the time in the world for spiritual pursuits, I am now lucky if I can get five minutes a day to myself in between chasing an active toddler and the never-ending list of household chores to get done. Luckily, author Sarah-Beth Watkins’s The Five-Minute Druid: Connection Made Easy is filled with ideas for those short moments I have to spare to dedicate to my craft.

The book itself isn’t too long, only 96 pages, so I was able to read it through pretty quickly. But what I like most about the length is how each chapter is short, so when I feel in need of spiritual revitalization, I can go and read one for reminders of how to revamp my connection in just a few minutes. 

The topics that Watkins covers are the fundamentals of a Druidry practice. She begins with an introduction to Druidry, in which she writes, “Druidry is a spiritual practice based on the love of nature and all it encompasses – the earth, sea, sky, trees, plants, animals – and us.”1 I appreciate how Watkins honored the ancient path of Druidry, but realistically see it in a modern context too, making it feel relevant to today and accessible.

Watkins covers quick daily practices, working with ancestors and deities, the wheel of the year, the sky/stars, the elements, trees, divination (ogham, runes, cards, etc), Druid reads and podcasts, social media outlets, writing, and creative projects. Depending on what you’re in the mode to explore, you can flip to that chapter for some ideas. As a whole, the book provides tons of resources for readers to branch off from based on their personal goals. There’s even an extensive list at the end of Druid book recommendations.

For those who are deep in their practice, this book might come across as beginner level. But by no means do I feel it is shallow or lacking. It is perfect for what it’s meant to be:  a guide for quick connection when you’re in a space of limited time.

Sometimes the suggestions Watkins makes can seem SO obvious, but from firsthand experience, when I am in on the go mode I often forget to slow down. One of the first suggestions she makes is to simply notice what’s going on in the moment. This can include pausing to notice the types of trees around you, the subtle aspects of your current season, the direction you’re facing, or the moon phase. I think being more observational and reflective has been my greatest take away from this book thus far, as I more often remember that I can attune myself to nature’s energies and simply take note of what’s going on around me.

Another takeaway the book provided for me was more awareness of how I am working with the elements day to day. I now say a little prayer of thanks to the fire as I heat my food and another to the water when I need to steam things. Simply getting outside for fresh air has made all the difference to my mental health, which goes hand in hand with feeling more energy to get back into more elaborate work like spells and rituals. I also noticed that I was often facing a certain direction when I was outside, but simply reoriented my patio set up, which put me in alignment with a different elemental direction that feels better.

I also really appreciated the details Watkins provided in the chapter on social media and apps. It feels like once you have a certain algorithm going, other things that might be relevant for you no longer appear if they’re outside your perceived online interests. Thanks to Waktin’s guidance, I downloaded new apps to learn more about the trees in my neighborhood, constellations, and improve my ogham divination. I also liked being able to have the names to look up Druid groups on social media for up to date information about their organizations and current happenings.

It’s amazing how the simplicity The Five-Minute Druid has actually be more beneficial to me than more elaborate magical books I’ve read. Though I am a seasoned practitioner and always have every intention of doing the elaborate ritual, or crafting something huge, or doing a week long devotional, my current reality doesn’t actually give me that space for that. So these magical things I want to do keep falling to the back burner, making me feel like I’m always running behind and lacking in my practice. This book completely cut through that energy for me and brought me back to the power of the here and now, reminding me it’s all the little things I do daily that add up to mean the most. And everything Watkins shares can easily be done as you go about your daily life. I have been humbly reminded that a little dedication to my craft every day makes me feel wonderful as opposed to ignoring it for weeks, even months, just to try to do something grand to get back in the spirit of things.

Overall, The Five-Minute Druid is the perfectly short and sweet guide needed to inspire a Druidry practice. Already my practice, which I had greatly slacked off with, feels refreshed and energized. By increasing my awareness and thinking through the lens Watkins provides readers with, I have been able to make little changes that lead to major energy shifts. I love how easy Watkins has made it to have a daily Druid practice, as I no longer feel out of sync, falling behind, or frazzled. I recommend this book for those seeking simple ways to establish a daily Druid practice with ease. Watkins suggestions are sure to bring about a renewal of your craft.

Living Wands of the Druids, by Jon G. Hughes

Living Wands of the Druids: Harvesting, Crafting, and Casting with Magical Tools, by Jon G. Hughes
Destiny Books, 1644118033, 232 pages, January 2024

I bought my first wand from Neil the Wandmaker, a well-known wand artisan in California. It took me nearly half an hour to select the right wand, picking them up and putting them down as I tried to sense which one was calling to me the most for that moment. While I’ve gotten plenty of use out of my artisan wand, recently, my exploration into the spirituality of Druidism has made me think differently about nature and the tools I use in my craft.

Living Wands of the Druids: Harvesting, Crafting, and Casting with Magical Tools by Jon G. Hughes has completely shifted my perspective into the purpose of a wand and how one might go about crafting their own. Hughes teaches readers how a fundamental principle of the Druid tradition is that the wood from which a wand or staff is crafted must be living. He explains:

“By living we mean that the wood must still contain the vital living sap of the tree from which it has been harvested so that this vital sap may impart the virtues and attributes of the chosen tree to the channeled energy of the adept, enhancing and elevating the adept’s energy and intention as they pass through the heart of the wand.”1

While the focus is on living wands, Hughes takes plenty of time explaining aspects of Druid foundational principles and lore. There’s an entire chapter dedicated to the lore of trees. He describes how Druids believe all living things, including trees obviously, have “three essential components: their physical manifestation, their portion of the communal or world energy (sometimes referred to a world spirit), and their personal energy.”2

All three components must be used when crafting a living wand, making it important to select the right donor tree, which Hughes luckily teaches readers how to do. There are plenty of things to consider, ranging from location of the tree to the season, and once the appropriate tree is selected, Hughes provides a harvesting rite to “maintain the harvested branch’s integrity and potency.”3

Hughes emphasizes how crucial it is to understand the attributes of different tree species when selecting a wand. While this topic could easily comprise an entire book and there are many more tree species than the ones covers, he covers the Druidic lore, wood qualities, and spiritual attributes of ten common trees (and even includes a handy reference chart): apple, birch (silver), elm (wych), hawthorn, hazel, holly, oak, pine (scots), rowan, and yew.

“Eventually, an intimate understanding of each tree and its place in its forest home will develop, and each tree will become a trusted friend. It is then that a connection with the ancient ways will enter the adept’s own spiritual being; a connection with the ancient pagan beliefs and the lore of the Druids will mature within the adept and with this connection and understanding she will grow and fulfill her role in nature’s partnership.”4

Now that readers have activated their connection with the trees, Hughes moves onto wand types. The main wands he covers are rudimentary, entire, compound wands, rods, and staffs. For each wand type, there is a picture provided, and Hughes shares the appropriate use for the wand and how to craft it. Occasionally included further background information to provide a well-rounded understanding for readers, such as the importance of a protective circle and how to cast one.

For more complex wand types, he also includes additional information, such as how to select “entwining botanical”5 (entwined wands) and “wood combinations”6 (compound wands) and adorn a staff. There’s also guidance on creating hooked wands, forked wands, protective bundles, and flying staffs, plus how to use feathers as wands. Lots of really great wand ideas in this section, and readers will feel fully equipped in choosing which one is best based on their intention and crafting it appropriately.

Once the natural materials for the wand have been selected, Hughes leads readers through finding and/or creating an auspicious workspace to craft their wand and then preparing the wand for use through cleansing and potentializing. In regard to finding the right location, Hughes includes diagrams to help readers orient themselves and ensure they are aligning properly with their chosen orientation.

For the preparation section and the following one on using the wand, Hughes writes out exactly what one can say for cleansing the wand, activating its potential, and then using it in bold lettering. I love how what to do, when to do it, and what to say while doing it are all clearly laid out for the reader. I find this incredibly helpful since I often get tongue-tied in ritual, and I appreciate having the structure to follow.

Topics covered for using the wand range from casting with one’s hand as a wand to making one’s own flying ointment to use with their flying staff. There’s so many ways to use the wands, and as readers experiment on their own, they’ll start gaining more confidence in their practice. From attraction to protection, curse-casting to inner contemplation, there’s so many possibilities for the intentions one can set with their wants.

One of the things I didn’t know prior to reading this book was that the original casting device should be kept “If the adept considers that there is even a remote possibility that the intention he has cast will need to be annulled, undone, or reversed…”7 Hughes notes that it’s common to see wands “labeled and stored in their protective wrappings just in case they might be needed to amend the intentions they originally cast.”8 This was helpful to know, and if one does need to do any of the aforementioned magical workings, Hughes has once again provided the ritual wording to do so.

When one feels assured that their work with the wand is complete, the Druidic way is to return the wand to the earth. Hughes writes:

“The protocol of returning all harvested material to its source location is born from the tenant that the balance of nature must be retained at all ties, and that only when botanical material is allowed to decay and reunite with its base matter and spiritual energies, as part of the world reservoir of elemental substance and spirit, may the cosmic balance resin intact, allowing all these precious resources to be used over and over again without depleting or diluting the world’s vital reserves.”9

This feels really resonant for me that the circle comes to completion by giving the wand back to nature. What an absolutely beautiful principle to live by! This sentiment is very different From the dominant materialistic culture focused on consumerism, where the purchased wands created often can never go back to their original source. And yes, there’s a ritual clearly laid out by Hughes for one to return their wand.

Overall, Living Wands of the Druids, is the perfect beginner’s guide to crafting one’s own magical wand. Whether or not one considers themselves a Druid, Hughes makes the material accessible for everyone. He shares a lot about the belief system of lore of Druidism, but there’s never an assertion that one must take any sort of oath or vow to create these living wands. A simple respect for nature and desire to be in harmony with fellow life on the earth is all readers need to draw upon the natural wisdom of the Druids for this practice of crafting living wands.

I gained a deeper reverence for the earth while reading it, as well as a better appreciation and understanding of Druidism in general. I highly recommend this book for those looking to be sustainable in their craft. The art of making living wands is also a reminder we have all we need for our magical practice within nature, emphasizing the importance of maintaining balance and reciprocity with the earth.

Anti-Consumerist Druid Interview with Katrina Townsend

Alanna: Hello Katrina! Thank you so much for taking the time to speak with me today about the upcoming release of your book Anti-Consumerist Druid: How I Beat My Shopping Addiction Through Connection With Nature. I absolutely loved it, and as someone who often tends to overspend during the holiday season, I thought this was the perfect time to read it and reconnect with my reverence for nature.

Sometimes I struggle reconciling my love of shopping with my nature-based spiritual practice and ecological values, and it was relieving to hear another person’s story of struggling with their own shopping addiction yet finding a way to overcome that through their own spiritual path. To get started, why don’t we give readers a little background on who you are and why you decided to write this book?

Katrina: Hello!  Thank you so much, I’m really glad to hear that you enjoyed the book! It began life as a journal I started keeping in 2019, when I had my first bash at trying to give up shopping. I was in my late twenties, new to motherhood, struggling with my body image, and trying to deal with all of that by, essentially, shopping my way to happiness, which unfortunately doesn’t work.

I’d been using shopping, dieting, social media, and generally fixating on my appearance as a kind of cure-all since I was a teenager, and honestly I hadn’t noticed how much these habits and obsessions had cut me off from nature and the physical world. It was only when I started to break away from those behaviours that I could find my spirituality and start to become more of the person I want to be.

I am a student of Druidry and a devotee of the Goddess Brigid; I live in Hampshire in England and have done so all my life. Writing has always been my hobby and a way to express myself so I’m very excited to have a book in print!

Alanna: I too keep a journal and find it so helpful to notice patterns in my life. How did you get into the practice of journaling, which was a big part of your transformation process, and writing this book especially with a little one to care for at home?

Katrina: It’s been a huge part of the process, I’ve barely missed a day in four years now. Sometimes I wonder where the notebooks will end up after I’m gone – possibly boring my descendants to death, as a lot of my initial process was just exploring my thoughts and feelings about shopping and my self-image, and lists of things I’d bought as I tried to figure out where my money was going.

The little one was only about a year old when I started to realise that my shopping was actually a problem. I had several attempts at buying less, because I could see the money in my accounts starting to dwindle, and I got more and more concerned when I realised how hard it was for me to stop. I started keeping a daily journal to try to get to the bottom of these compulsive urges – I took twenty minutes each morning while the Spud bounced about in his jumperoo, or later on while he napped. When I realised that social media, particularly Instagram, was a big contributor to my out-of-control shopping habit, I started using the journal as an outlet for all those little thoughts and moments I would normally have posted online. It was much more calming and grounding than the frantic online bubble.

Much of the book already existed in my journals and just needed to be spun together, which I did mainly during naptime or after my son was in bed – except the footnotes, which I bashed out over a gritted-teeth weekend while my husband did the child-wrangling.   

Alanna: I think many people will agree a shopping ban, especially one that lasts a whole year, would be extremely challenging. What would you say was the toughest thing about your year-long shopping ban?

Katrina: All of it! Ha, no, honestly looking back I’m kind of appalled by just how difficult it was in the beginning. I’d built this whole identity around shopping and clothes, and those first few months I just had to feel everything I’d been pushing away with those habits. Comparing myself constantly to everyone else, feeling like I had absolutely no idea of who I was, and having to face up to how much time, money and energy I had pretty much just wasted.

Alanna: You mentioned before the impact social media had in feeding your shopping addiction. Can you speak a bit more to this? Overall, do you feel like the internet and social media is driving consumer culture?

Katrina: Oh yes, absolutely. I think I would never have come this far if I hadn’t realised fairly early on that my constant browsing and scrolling was feeding into my obsessive shopping. I had to ask my husband to change my Instagram password to keep me off the app! It was two-pronged, for me – on the one hand, I was constantly seeing beautiful things, useful things, things I didn’t need before that moment but which seemed so much more desirable than the things I already owned, and secondly, I was constantly seeing other people’s wardrobes, bodies and lives, which of course are highly curated and edited but which I still felt I needed to live up to. Shoppable feeds also have a lot to answer for, in my opinion – it’s about the impulse buy, about removing any friction between the shopper and the purchase. 

Alanna: In your book, you describe your journey in confronting your shopping habit, but I’m still wondering, would you say you initially start down this path more for personal reasons? And has your reason for embracing this lifestyle changed through your journey?

Katrina: Initially I’d say my reasons were very prosaic – mainly financial, then emotional. Now I’m a bit evangelistic about how just trying to quit shopping has changed my life. The real deep-down shifts started to occur when I had to find other ways to fill the time and headspace I’d freed up , and started going for long walks in my local nature reserve. It was literally the only way I could think of at first to get away from the temptations of shops and screens, but I soon found that it calmed my constantly chattering mind (and my lively child, which was a bonus!).

After a while I started to really crave my outdoor time, and then things really started to snowball – I got more interested in nature itself which developed into a passionate environmentalism; and I began to experience ‘nudges’  and synchronicities of a more spiritual bent, which I could only be more open to now that my mind was quieter, and which led me to start exploring Paganism; and all these things fed back into and served to intensify that original desire to stop shopping.

Alanna: I’ve noticed that a lot of people feel more secure in having a home full of things, whether it’s decor, clothes, books, appliances, etc. which drives them to make unnecessary purchases. Do you think there is an aspect of “safety” that comes from having hoards of stuff? And if so, how do you feel Druidry provides this in a healthier way?

Katrina: In a way I suppose there is. I can picture my younger self piling up mountains of clothing and shoes and cosmetics and tchotchkes as a kind of emotional bulwark against all these fears and insecurities I didn’t know how to confront, this sense that deep down I wasn’t very interesting, not very pretty or worthy of notice, and the more flamboyantly I dressed or the more conspicuously I consumed the more attention I got. And then the things I had and the process of accumulating more things became my whole identity, to the point that I didn’t have any other interests, didn’t know what I liked any more or even have any sense of myself as a person. So I guess you could say that was my “safety”.

Druidry changed me very slowly and gently, and I have very gradually come to realise that how I look and what I buy are the least interesting things about me, that there is a whole world out there that is awake and alive and communicative, and the absolute last thing it cares about is what I am wearing when I show up.

Nowadays I feel  a deeper sense of security, a rootedness in the core of myself, and I feel like that stems from finally feeling aware of what Mary Oliver called my ‘place in the family of things’. I’m not struggling or striving to be something all the time, I don’t need to prove anything, I’m happy in my skin. And one massive benefit of Druidry is, hey, if people don’t get me, that’s fine, I can always go hang out with the trees.

Alanna: One thing I really enjoyed in reading your book is the honesty about  the many times you’ve fallen off the wagon. Yet each time it seems like you’re coming back to yourself and re-committed to starting fresh. What advice do you have for others when they too fall back into old habits?

Katrina: I frustrate myself in that way – I very much wanted to write this linear story of my amazing no shopping year, but I just couldn’t do it straight off the bat. I think I had to make those mistakes so I could learn a bit more about myself and build in some better coping mechanisms. When you’ve worn yourself a groove, it is so easy to keep sliding back into it. But you do eventually learn the difference between cutting yourself some slack and just giving yourself loopholes. I’m mixing my metaphors a bit here I think! 

The point is, when you mess up, you can forgive yourself without giving up on yourself. One blip doesn’t mean you jack the whole thing in. 

Alanna: I also enjoy how you are upfront about your beginner status in Druidry, as well as your dedication to forging your own path. I thought it was brave to admit you’re not an expert on the topic but still willing to share your beliefs. Have you ever felt any sense of gatekeeping on your spiritual path? And if so, how did you overcome the need to fit yourself into other people’s version of this spiritual path and move forward with your own?

Katrina: Thank you very much! I figured it was better to be upfront rather than pretend to have knowledge and experience that I just don’t have. I hope that I can show people that you don’t need to be ‘good at’ Druidry, or have decades of personal gnosis, or be a powerful magician or whatever, to have very tangible and magical experiences and start relating to the world in a different way.

Gatekeeping… Not since I was a teenager on Wiccan chat rooms at silly o’clock in the morning, but I saw enough then that I take the simple approach of only discussing my personal practice in fairly vague and broad terms, and generally only with people I trust, so that I can get on with what I’m actually doing instead of tying myself in knots over the opinion of people I don’t know. I’ve seen lots of snottiness about other people’s paths, the right way to do things, names like ‘white lighter’ and ‘fluffy bunny’ being flung around.  And I’ve seen it in myself too, when I want to make comments to my husband about people being all show and no substance (when really, how would I know?), or those moments when I wonder what on earth I think I am doing, writing a book.

I keep moving forward simply by dealing with what I’m experiencing in my practice at any given time. I have an attentive matron goddess who will not be ignored, which makes it pretty easy to keep focus and stay in my own lane. 

Alanna: Since a big part of your spiritual journey was noticing signs from the Celtic Goddess Brigid, I’m wondering, are you still cultivating your relationship with Brigid?

Katrina: Oh yes! Brigid has become a huge part of my life, her altar is at the heart of my home. She is like a touchstone for me. I must admit, after growing up in a Church of England school, it has taken me a while to come to terms with having a very vibrant and reciprocal relationship with deity. After years of skepticism, I am still surprised that when I ask,  she answers, but it’s wonderful and I love it.

Actually, once my eyes were opened to Brigid and her role throughout the history of Britain, I came to see that she is absolutely everywhere. Her signs , symbols and mythology are woven through our culture and landscape even today. I said to someone recently that it feels as though someone has pulled back a curtain and I am only now seeing what was here all along.

Alanna: I certainly know what it feels like to be guided by a goddess. I love your very authentic story; you don’t go out of your way to embellish it, which is what makes it so relatable. As we near the end of this interview, what would you most like readers to take away from reading your book?

Katrina: That the world is a deeply magical place. That we are born to be so much more than consumers. That we can free our minds and hearts from the consumerist trap and rediscover enchantment.

Alanna: Any future projects on the horizon for you? I would love to read more about your thoughts as a millennial eco-advocate!

Katrina: I am tinkering around on a new book with a friend, but the going is slow as we both have high maintenance life stuff to juggle! But yes, there is definitely the potential for more in the pipeline, hopefully in the not too distant future. 

Alanna: Amazing! I can’t wait to read more of your writing. Thank you so much for speaking with me today, Katrina! Truly my pleasure. 🙂

For those whose interest is sparked by this interview, The Anti-Consumerist Druid: How I Beat My Shopping Addiction Through Connection With Nature will be released by Moon Books on November 25th, 2022. I highly recommend it for this holiday season, especially if you’re thinking about decluttering or lessening your own shopping habits for the upcoming new year!

Witches, Druids, and Sin Eaters, by Jon C. Hughes with Sophie Gallagher

Witches, Druids, and Sin Eaters: The Common Magic of the Cunning Fold of the Welsh Marches, by Jon C. Hughes with Sophie Gallagher
Destiny Books, 9781644114285, 296 pages, September 2022

Witches, Druids, and Sin Eaters beckons one to the Welsh Marches – the ancient borderland of Wales and England. It is a brilliant collaboration between Jon Hughes, a fifth-generation Druid living in a remote part of Wales and Sophie Gallagher, a Welsh-born witchcraft researcher with a deep knowledge of the ancient witches of the Welsh Marches. 

Seeking to explore and bring to light the “treasure trove of untapped information relating to the ancient Druids and arcane witchcraft that evolved in the Welsh Marches”1 while incorporating the current practices in this area, Hughes and Gallagher looked at artifacts, texts, museum archives, and even the natural landscape. They soon discovered that there were more similarities than differences in the practices of the Druids and the witches. The book delves into regional practices such as sin eaters and eye biters and even includes the area’s influence on the writing of J. R. R. Tolkein.

Accompanying photographs of artifacts, sites, and buildings bring to life the artifacts and markings of these people. The most widespread witch marks found in the area’s buildings are of taper burns, intentional in their making and not by the random flicker of a flame too close to a wall. Photographs of items such as a curse doll, a wooden witch’s coffin curse, and protective amulets and devices found in walls and floorboards, illustrate the influence of the witches and Druids in this region.

“People have secretly hidden objects in their houses for centuries (things like bottles, shoes, and bodies of cats) to protect themselves and their families from various forms of supernatural menace (evil spirits, witches, hostile magic, malign influences) to influence events or to take revenge on people that have wronged them.”2 

The work is comprehensive in its exploration of the significance of the earth-based practices of the Druids and witches in the Welsh Marches. The Druids have lived in this area for over 6,000 years, from around 3,800 B.C. The region, of course, experienced tumult since the first ancient people arrived there. The book also details encounters of these people with the Romans in their first invasion, with reminders that the Romans were also pagan until 313 A.D.

Historical references put things into context. I was particularly struck by the reading about the Walton Basin, on the Welsh side of the border, which archeologists believe was a national ceremonial center. A timber henge, approximately 328 feet in diameter, was discovered that is felt to be a prototype for a stone henge that was not built. There were similarities between the deposits found at this site and Stonehenge.

Tolkein enters the picture in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire, England, where he joined British archeologist, Sir Mortimer Wheeler, at Dwarf’s Hill in the late 1920s. Dwarf’s Hill contained a labyrinth of tunnels and was thought to be the home of little people. A tablet bearing a curse was also found. Silvianus, a Roman, had lost a ring and cursed all who bore the name of Senicianus, the supposed thief.

Wheeler invited Tolkein to examine the site of Noden’s Temple at Dwarf’s Hill after which Tolkein contributed to a report on the origin of the name, Noden. When Tolkein later wrote The Hobbit “it became impossible not to speculate upon the connection between his experiences at Lydney and his epic tales of Middle Earth,“3 including Hobbits and a ring.

The book provides simply fascinating information and insight. Sin eaters and eye biters….oh, my. Sin eaters were unique to the Welsh culture and the region of the Welsh Marches. The sin eater (always male) took upon himself the sins of the newly deceased so that the departed could find his/her place in the hereafter. A sin eater was retained by the family of the deceased and would consume a cake called a dead cake which had been placed on the breast of the corpse at sunset. It would remain there until sunrise the following morning where it was thought to absorb the sins of the departed. The sin eater would then consume the cake along with ale.

Eye biters were found among the powerful witches of the Welsh Marches who were thought to have the ability to cast evil curses simply by looking at their victims. Their gaze was as effective as if they were to “bite the jugular vein (of the victim) and watch them bleed to death.”4 Beware the brathwyr llygaid, or eye biters!

As a reference, the book provides a comprehensive list of five prominent occultists (alchemists, astrologers, and occult philosophers) who “influenced the kings and emperors of much of Europe and beyond.”5 These men, while famous, reflect the many unknown practitioners, who live/lived in the Welsh Marches:

“There is little doubt that the unique and extraordinary culture of the Welsh Marches has had a lasting influence upon the history of the occult within the Marches itself and further afield around the globe.”6

Hughes and Gallagher remind the reader that the lore of the Druids and witches was an oral tradition. They bring the reader into the modern era of witches and Druids. “A Druid is a learned pagan, well versed in the oral tradition of paganism and the role of the Druid as a teacher and spiritual leader within it.”7 Like the Druids, witches maintain an ancient understanding of natural magic. The authors write extensively about Neo-Paganism in its many forms.

The book is divided into two sections. The first section, “Witchcraft and Druidic Lore of the Welsh Marches” focuses on all that was written about above. The second section, “Grimore of the Welsh Marches (Yr Llyfr Swynion Gororau Cymru)” opens the reader to the book of spells of the Welsh Borderland. It is a valuable companion to the first part of the book and allows the reader to investigate this natural magic. “While this grimoire is the result of a detailed comparison of witchcraft practices and Druidic lore, it must not be considered an erroneous conflation of the two traditions.”8

The reader is reminded that there are fundamental differences between the two and also varying beliefs and practices within each tradition. “…It is a subtle blending of selective beliefs and practices that have an underlying unity that resonates within both traditions, allowing the merging of both without compromising the fundamental principles of either.”9

There is information on preparing the work space and crafting components, casting a circle, use of botanicals, invocations, protection against malevolent energies, amulets, talismans, and charms. 

Also introduced are witch marks (burn marks), various types of spells, the casting and lifting of spells and curses, the use of wands and the crafting of wands, working with waters and oils, creating poppers (a small doll representing the recipient of a curse). I particularly liked (and was relieved) that the second section of the book ended with elixirs of love. As the authors remind, “in the case of inanimate objects they of course have a material manifestation and are also imbued with a communal spirit; however, they do not have a personal spirit that all living things receive at conception.”10

Overall, Witches, Druids, and Sin Eaters is a very comprehensive look at this unique area of the world, one with a long and deep history of Druids and witches. I highly recommend it if you are looking for a deep dive into this all-important region, particularly if you feel drawn to the aforementioned spiritual paths of Druidry or Witchcraft. There’s so much valuable history revealed in this book that is sure to expand your background knowledge, particularly the impact these lands have had on writers such as Tolkien and those dedicated to exploring the mysteries, such as alchemists, astrologers, and occult philosophers.